Background: the stories behind the headlines

Why Russia invaded, what it has done in Ukraine, and why it matters to the rest of Europe. Facts first, with the sources at the end of every story.

Headlines tell you what happened today. These stories explain the war itself. Stories marked Opinion argue a point of view; everything else sticks to what has been established by courts, investigators and reporters on the ground.

Background NATO, “Nazis”, Russian speakers: Russia’s excuses, and why they don’t hold The Kremlin has offered a different reason for the invasion every few months. Hold each one against the facts and they fall apart. What remains is a war of conquest. Background MH17: what the investigation proved 298 people, 196 of them Dutch, were killed by a Russian army missile on 17 July 2014. Investigators, a Dutch court and international bodies all reached the same conclusion. Russia still lies about it. Background War crimes: the evidence Murdered civilians in Bucha, a bombed theatre in Mariupol, tortured prisoners, deported children, a power grid targeted to freeze people. None of it is rumour. It is documented by the UN, international courts and journalists. Opinion Why this is Europe’s war too Ukraine is not a faraway quarrel. Russia already wages a hidden war against the rest of Europe, and what happens in Ukraine decides whether the open war comes closer. Background Putin: from KGB officer to war president Twenty-five years of power, built on a war in Chechnya and kept with poison, prison and rigged votes. Ukraine is not an exception in Putin’s record. It is the pattern. Background Trump and the war: what he said, what he did Ending the war “in 24 hours”, calling Zelensky a dictator, red carpet for Putin, then sanctions on Russian oil. The record of Donald Trump and Ukraine, in his own words and actions. Background NATO: myths and facts “NATO promised not to expand.” “NATO surrounded Russia.” Moscow’s favourite claims about the alliance, checked against the record.